SkillOpt: Executive Strategy for Self-Evolving Agent Skills

Train agent skills like you train neural networks — with epochs, (mini-)batchsize, learning rates, and validation gates — but without touching model weights.

📖 For installation, data preparation, training/eval commands, configuration, and framework internals, start with the versioned SkillOpt documentation. A concise rendered overview is available in the Documentation & Reproduction Guide, and longer-form engineering analysis appears on the Technical Blog. We also maintain a Changelog for released and unreleased changes.

News 🔥🔥🔥

• [2026-07-24] 📰 SkillOpt in the news. Read the official Microsoft Research feature, along with recent coverage from VentureBeat, Synced (机器之心), Flowtivity, and The Decoder.
• [2026-07-02] 🚀 SkillOpt v0.2.0 is out on PyPI! Headline feature: SkillOpt-Sleep, a nightly offline self-evolution engine (harvest → mine → replay → consolidate behind a held-out validation gate), now shipped as the skillopt-sleep CLI. It also includes experimental multi-objective, replay, and dream-rollout controls; the main CLI keeps conservative defaults and does not expose every experiment-harness control as a flag. The release source adds integration shells for Claude Code, Codex, Copilot, and Devin, plus an OpenClaw reference adaptation; these plugin/MCP files live in the repository rather than the PyPI wheel. It also adds SearchQA split materialization, Windows robustness, and hardened JSON parsing. See the release notes for full release details and contributor acknowledgements.
• [2026-06-15] 😴 SkillOpt-Sleep (preview) — a nightly offline self-evolution companion for local coding agents (Claude Code / Codex / Copilot): review past sessions, replay recurring tasks, and consolidate validated skills behind a held-out gate. See docs/sleep/README.md for what it is, how to use it, and results.
• [2026-06-03] 🎉 gbrain, gbrain-evals, and darwin-skill have all integrated SkillOpt.
• [2026-06-02] 🎉 SkillOpt v0.1.0 is now available on PyPI! Install with pip install skillopt. This initial release includes the full training loop (rollout → reflect → aggregate → select → update → evaluate), multi-backend support (OpenAI / Azure / Claude / Qwen / MiniMax), six built-in benchmarks, and WebUI dashboard.

Overview

Modern agent skills are usually hand-crafted, generated one-shot by a strong LLM, or evolved through loosely controlled self-revision — none of which behaves like a deep-learning optimizer for the skill itself, and none of which reliably improves over its starting point under feedback.

SkillOpt treats the skill document as the trainable state of a frozen agent, and trains it with the discipline that makes weight-space optimization reproducible. A separate optimizer model turns scored rollouts into bounded add / delete / replace edits on a single skill document; in the default paper-style path, a candidate edit is accepted only when it strictly improves a held-out validation score. A textual learning-rate budget, a rejected-edit buffer, and an epoch-wise slow / meta update make skill training stable while adding zero inference-time model calls at deployment.

The deployed artifact is a compact best_skill.md (typically 300–2,000 tokens) that runs against the unchanged target model. Across six benchmarks, seven target models, and three execution harnesses (direct chat, Codex CLI, Claude Code CLI), SkillOpt is best or tied-best on all 52 evaluated (model, benchmark, harness) cells and on GPT-5.5 lifts the average no-skill accuracy by +23.5 points in direct chat, +24.8 inside the Codex agentic loop, and +19.1 inside Claude Code. Optimized skill artifacts transfer across model scales, between Codex and Claude Code harnesses, and to nearby benchmarks without further optimization.

For the full method, ablations, and per-cell results see the paper; for a visual walkthrough of the loop see the project page; for deeper API / backend / benchmark docs see docs/.

🎬 Demo Video

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/eb12d3bc-371c-467f-904d-91b61f339ed7

▶ Watch the full demo on YouTube

Extensibility & WebUI

Adding a new backend

A backend = a chat / exec target (e.g. openai_chat, claude_chat, qwen_chat, minimax_chat, copilot_chat, openai_compatible, codex_exec, claude_code_exec, cursor_exec, copilot_exec). If a provider implements the OpenAI Chat Completions protocol, try the built-in openai_compatible backend before adding code. See docs/guide/new-backend.md for the full contract. Chat backends add a skillopt/model/<name>_backend.py module; target-only exec backends use the shared harness in codex_harness.py. Both register through common.py, backend_config.py, and skillopt/model/__init__.py.

Adding a new benchmark

A benchmark = a skillopt/envs/<name>/ package with an adapter, a data loader, a scored rollout helper, a YAML config, and optionally an initial seed skill. See docs/guide/new-benchmark.md for the full contract; the simplest reference is skillopt/envs/searchqa/.

WebUI

Launch the monitoring dashboard (optional):

pip install -e ".[webui]"
python -m skillopt_webui.app

The default host listens on every network interface. Use --host 127.0.0.1 for local-only access.

Citation

@article{yang2026skillopt,
  title={Skillopt: Executive strategy for self-evolving agent skills},
  author={Yang, Yifan and Gong, Ziyang and Huang, Weiquan and Yang, Qihao and Zhou, Ziwei and Huang, Zisu and Li, Yan and Gao, Xuemei and Dai, Qi and Liu, Bei and others},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.23904},
  year={2026}
}